To find out why disagreeableness seems beneficial to men in particular, the researchers asked 460 undergraduates to read profiles of eight female job promotion candidates or eight male candidates. Half of the candidates in each group were painted as agreeable, while the other were disagreeable. It was found that disagreeable men were more likely to be recommended for promotion than disagreeable women as the participants indicated they saw disagreeable men as strong leaders, an advantage they didn't find in disagreeable women. Though it might seem galling that the jerk in the next cubicle has a greater chance of promotion than you, disagreeable doesn't necessarily mean rude, the authors wrote. Rather, disagreeable people may simply set more aggressive goals and negotiate harder than agreeable types, Judge added.