Unemployment rates were lowest for Sikhs in villages with 1.3 percent and Hindus in urban areas with 3.3 percent. The survey results have questioned the previous United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government’s policies for inclusiveness and some analysts have criticized the failure of the policies to create enough employment in rural areas.

In villages, a considerable proportion of males and females of around 35 percent were engaged as casual labour. Among males, share of casual labour was highest for Muslims (37.3 percent) and lowest among Christians (27.4 percent). Share of casual labour was the highest among Hindus with 36.6 percent and were the lowest among Sikhs with 14.8 percent.

The Christians held the highest proportion of regular wage or salaried employment among males and females in villages with 16.1 percent for males and 14 percent for females. The proportion of self-employed and salaried employees was nearly the same in urban India. Among males, the highest self-employment rate was held by Muslims and Sikhs in cities with 52.8 percent and for females it was highest for Muslims with 61.3 percent. The proportion of salaried employment was the highest with 49.4 percent for males and 64.7 percent for females.

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